A Critical Assessment of the Eclectic Theory

INTRODUCTION It is true of everything that the first steps ate both the most important and the most difficult. To begin with, theorization consists of a set of definitions of concepts. The basic concepts underlying the eclectic theory of the multinational enterprise (MNE)(1) are currently being criticized by the internalization theorists(2) in that the ‘ownership advantage' is ‘double counting,' that is, the internalization and location factors are necessary and sufficient to explain the existence and growth of the MNE.The controversy seems to require a thorough examination of the concept of the ‘ownership advantage'. However, the examination should extend further afield. Our objective in this paper is to assess critically the three basic concepts in the eclectic theory, i. e. , the ‘ownership advantage,' the ‘internalization advantage,' and the ‘location advantage' and to suggest the beginnings of an alternative framework to deal with the MNE and FDI (i. e. , foreign direct investment). REDUNDANCY OF THE ‘OWNERSHIP ADVANTAGE'Some Features of the Electic Theory First of all, we must set up the target of our examination. The eclectic theory, Mark I, as advocated by Dunning is as follows [Dunning 1981:79]: 1. It (i. e. , the firm) possesses net ownership advantages vis-a-vis firms of other nationalities in serving particular markets. These ownership advantages largely take the form of the possession of intangible assets, that are, at least for a period of time, exclusive or specific to the firm possessing them. . Assuming condition 1 is satisfied, it must be more beneficial to the enterprise possessing these advantages to use them itself rather than to sell or lease them to foreign firms, that is, for it to internalize its advantages through an extension of its own activities rather than externalize them through licensing and similar contracts with independent firms. 3.Assuming conditions 1 and 2 are satisfied, it must be profitable for the enterprise to utilize these advantages in conjunction with at least some factor inputs (including natural resources) outside its home country; otherwise foreign markets would be served entirely by exports and domestic markets by domestic production. Four features of the eclectic theory should be noted here, as far as they are concerned with our argument. Firstly, needless to say, the concept of the advantage is a relative concept; i. e. advantage of a firm vis-a-vis the others tautologically means their disadvantage vis-a-vis the firm. The advantage is understood from the viewpoint of economic competitiveness and profitability, and thus it takes the form of an economic asset whether tangible or intangible. Thus, the asset value is measured by capitalizing the stream of expected future earnings by means of the rate of return. Secondly, the concept of internalization is interpreted as internalization of an ‘ownership advantage' rather than that of an imperfec t market. 3) Thirdly, the existence per se of the ‘ownership advantage' has nothing to do with the internalization; thus, the ‘ownership advantage' is logically independent of the ‘internalization advantage. ‘ Finally, the ‘ownership advantage' is logically independent of the ‘location advantage;' thus, the ‘ownership advantage' can be measured without referring to location factors. (4) The Logic of the Internalization Theory Let us focus on the second and third features and compare them with the basic logic of the internalization theory. The distinctive feature of the internalization theory is its recognition that the firm is an economic institution, the objective of which is to maximize profit (i. e. , super-normal profit in the Marshallian sense) in the world of market imperfections. The firm attempts to maximize its revenue and minimize its costs: the firm maximizes its organizational benefits after remunerating all the factors of produc tion, R&D, marketing, and management.Firstly, if arm's-length markets are inefficient and incur huge transaction costs, the firm would replace them with its unified ownership and control (i. e. , the internal quasi-market)(6) and minimize its internalization costs;(7) i. e. , the internalization of markets. Secondly, if no market exists for external economies defined to be private costs minus social costs), the firm would bring them under common ownership and control and prevent them from leaking outside; i. e. , the internalization of externalities. 8) Thirdly, if internal economies defined to be private benefits and, at the same time, social benefits) are expected after totally eliminating markets, whether internal or external, the firm would not only internalize the markets but also reorganize and rationalize the activities under the common ownership and control; i. e. , integration under internalization. (9,10) Market imperfections may exist in final-product markets as well as i n intermediate-product markets of physical products (i. e. components and semi-finished products) and intellectual products (i. e. , knowledge or information). final-product markets, however imperfect they are, the firms cannot internalize markets since, needless to say, consumers are independent of producers and merchants. They can only acquire super-normal profit by manipulating their market power. Note that although some academics misunderstood,(11) there is no guarantee that the internalization increases efficiency and social welfare in both intermediate- and final-product markets.On the contrary, it is quite possible that the internalization by the MNE creates imperfect competition or monopolistic (monopsonistic) situations and thus increases social costs by means of restricting the output of high-tech goods, building up an entry barrier by vertical and/or horizontal integration, effective collusion, etc. It is also quite possible that the integration takes part in restricting competition and more than offsets its positive benefits in social welfare. (12,13) In relation to social costs, we should pay some attention to a new concept, perceived transaction costs. Transaction costs can be classified into three categories; i. e. , those inherent in commodity transactions per se,(14) those inherent in oligopolistic or imperfect competition, and those originating from government regulations. (15) Oligopolistic or imperfect competition places competitors in a situation of uncertainty in respect of potential transaction costs as a result of arrn's-length transactions. Concerns about the dissipation of valuable information may well inflate the value of subjectively perceived transaction costs to the extent of virtually prohibiting arm's-length transactions.Uncertainty in oligopolistic or imperfect competition creates self-inflating feature to the ‘perceived transaction costs'. Certain 'embedded social relations' modify pure economic rationality(16) and affec t the choice of internalization. Furthermore, bounded and creeping rationality of the management makes the strategy (i. e. , choosing between internalization, integration, and arm's-length transactions) fairly rigid once it has been decided upon. 17) Internalization, in these circumstances, may be perceived as private-cost minimization, but not as social-cost minimization. 18 Another important feature of the internalization theory is that it expounds interrelations between production, R&D, marketing, and management. (19) The internalization of the markets and externalities of these activities and their integration generate the advantages of the firm over the others. The firm may exercise its market power when it internalizes and integrates them, so as †¦

“A Helping Hand” Story Essay

In the story, â€Å"A Helping Hand† I am creating a Gothic tale which takes place in the mid-eighteenth century in London, England where the madman of this story takes his hostage, a young dancer by the name of Mary, who is an eighteenth century prostitute, who has something on hand, in which this Gothic creature, longs for.   I intend to create a desperate and scary situation, that will leave my reading audience paralyzed with fear but unable to pull themselves away from this story. It will be a winning Gothic tale; hands down! The hallowing winds hurled Mary’s hair into air, as she crossed the rocky road that led her to her tiny stone villa, on Fourth Street.   She had danced easily for the gentlemen callers who had paid their dues, in order to watch her move across the floor with incredible grace and little clothing. She had performed this dance ritual for several months, now, and she had saved up enough money to pay her rent plus buy food, which was a rarity she had earlier missed. She searched her bag for the golden key that would allow her to enter, and she panicked when she discovered it wasn’t in its proper place. The wind had picked up even more strength and she could barely hold her feet on the ground as she continued to look for the key. There was a humming in the distance, and she convinced herself that it was just another voice that the storm was offering, and as it grew louder and clearer, she froze where she stood. She could feel him standing behind her, but she couldn’t allow herself to look. She could barely catch her breath and as she felt his hand rest on her shoulder, she closed her eyes and pretended she was back on the dance floor. He smelled of cedar and whiskey and as he brushed his hand across the back of her neck, she spoke words that she had no idea where they emerged from. â€Å"Can I help you?† I was all she could say and she wondered if he had been a male caller who had watched her dance, earlier. She could feel the sharp object protruding from his arm and when she was finally able to turn around; she saw that he was equipped with the prosthetic hand that he had used to touch her. Had he any feelings in his hands? He must have, since she could feel the warmth that radiated from the object. She looked him in his face as he dangled the golden key before her. He had somehow managed to steal his way into her existence and now she had no other choice but to follow him inside the home that had earlier provided her a safe haven. He didn’t speak but his eyes said all that she needed to know. He was there for one reason and she could feel his eyes piercing her soul as he placed the artificial hand to her chest. â€Å"Mary, be kind!† Were the first words he spoke as she wiped a single tear from her cheeks, and removed her sweater. â€Å"No!† His voice was strong and he had not wanted this from her, but something much more personal. There was no way she could give this to him, and as she thought about it, she would have rather that he had been a crude pervert who only wanted her body, but he was asking for more than that! Her body tightened and she stood immobilized as he seemed to say thank you with his eyes and she suddenly wished that she hadn’t moved away from her family. They had warned her about the dangers that existed in London, England and had advised her to reconsider her move so far away from those who cared about her. But, she had been strong-willed and their words of advice hadn’t been able to convince her. He was growing impatient and she wished that his breathing could have been gentler and as she realized there was no way of escaping, she at last reached offered her hand to him. He had stroked it with affection. It was something that he had desired for so long and when he saw how gracefully they moved while she danced, he couldn’t bare not to have one of them, as his own. He removed a long razor that was attached to a wooden handle and he placed his arm around her arms and chest to secure them, so they wouldn’t flop or flinch, as he removed the precious gift. The scream was shrilling and the terror he saw in her eyes didn’t faze him. He wanted it so badly that her pain, he felt, was a small price to pay for the happiness it would bring to him. It was a gift that would enable him to give back so much more than she could ever offer with the long fingered hand. It was after midnight when she finally awoke. The medicine he had given her had caused her to sleep as he ceased the blood flow and sutured the wound that he had given her. It would have proven more beneficial if it had caused her to sleep through the blunt trauma but that kind of pain could not be stopped by anything, including the strong tranquilizer he had shoved down her throat before the surgery. Her eyes fluttered and he seemed to move in a cloud over her, as she whispered that she needed water. He held the vial of fluid to her lips as she took the first sip and she searched his eyes once more, trying to remember the events of the night and as she saw her hand moving toward her face, she realized it was her own. â€Å"My unselfish love, you have given to me of yourself. You have freely offered the gracefulness of your touch that I will forever feel against my flesh. I will carry this part of your body with me forever, and I will always be thankful to you!† He had seemed appreciative as she tried to lift her limb that was wrapped in blood-stained wrapping that was lifted above her head. She thought about her family as she wondered if she would ever see them again as she felt a shot of blood pulsate through the bandage. She had never felt pain of this severity and as she tried to raise herself to a standing position, this stranger pulled her back to the bed and stroked her face with his feminine fingers. It was two days before she could gather the energy to walk to her small kitchen and when she did, she searched for him and in a whimpering voice she called out to him. There was no reply as she drank a full glass of the water that she had so thirsted for. She searched each dark room and he was nowhere to be found. She let out a tiny sigh of relief as she walked toward the front door. She would find someone who could help her; someone who could call a family member or take her to get some medical help. Her wrist felt like fire moving through the end and she held it tightly as she ran toward safety. The coldness of the day and the bitter rain exaggerated the pain she felt but she knew she couldn’t delay. She had to find someone who could cause this horrible pain to go away. As she picked up speed, heading in the direction of the ancient saloon, she heard him breathing but continued on her important journey. The saloon was full of familiar faces and as she walked across the floor she saw him gazing at her, once again. He held his graceful hand across the table as she watched him and suddenly moved in his direction. â€Å"Mary, you won’t tell anyone! A gift is something you don’t take back or fret over but something you offer in return for the comfort of knowing that you have helped another. Haven’t you ever heard that it is better to give than to receive?† She was lost for words as she witness the boldness of his speech that flowed from his lips, so easily. â€Å"Mary, I didn’t ask you for an arm or leg; just a gift for someone who was in need. All I asked for was a helping hand!†

Floods in India and Its Control Essay

Countries irrigated by an adequate river system are in many ways blessed. These rivers not only help agriculture, but they provide a cheap and efficient transport system for the development of internal trade. The saying goes—land divides, seas unite. But waterways bring also a good deal of misery to the people by causing devastating seasonal floods In India, for example, the sub-Himalayan regions of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Bengal and Assam are heavily flooded by the rivers of the Gengetic basin and the Brahmaputra, almost every rainy season. It brings untold sufferings to the people of these low-lying plains. Millions are rendered homeless; men and cattle die in large numbers; the damage to property including standing crops is incalculable. Besides, floods affect the health of the locality and increase the incidence of cholera, typhoid and other water-borne diseases. In 1922 and 1998 flood in North Bengal left a trail of devastation, essentially in Malda, Murshidabad areas. Floods are caused by an excessive flow of water in rivers during the rainy seasons, due mainly to torrential rain in catchment areas. This may be due to two natural causes. First, the melting of ice in glacier on the mountains may thus supply a river with volumes of water much in excess of its containing and carrying capacity. Secondly, heavy rains on the mountains cause an excess of water supply. In either case, the excess water overflows the embankments and submerges the low-lying plains. Bursting of dams and also Bridges in protective embankments lead to inundation. This causes large-scale deforestation. As for example, in the Terai regions during the war, floods destroyed the natural embankments of a river. Occasionally earthquakes, by changing the course of a river, or by raising its basin or choking and silting the riverbed cause flood Another contributory cause is the construction of railway bridges without leaving provision for the natural outflow of flood-water. Of course, floods in an agricultural country have often been looked upon as a blessing in disguise. Floods leave behind on the submerged areas a rich alluvial or silt-deposit, which greatly increases the fertility of the soil. This soil on either side of the Nile owes its fertility to the annual flooding of the area, which submerges large regions, even after the construction of Aswan Dam in Egypt. Nehru used to say—give unto the river what naturally belongs to her, i. e. homesteads should not be built on riversides or on temporary char lands. That is a sure preventive measure, better than steps to resist after-effects. Men have tried from the earliest times to build protective embankments against the incidence of floods. Ordinarily these can be made sufficiently strong to resist the usual type of floods. A system of canals to irrigate the low-lying plains affords considerable escape route for the excess water caused by a normal rainfall. But these embankments should have to be maintained properly. Modern river engineering and hydro-dynamics, however, have led to a fundamental change in the principle. It is now realised that effective control of flood should begin at the source. Flood control, therefore, in these days has moved upstream. This includes the building of adequate reservoirs in the head stream area and the application of the principle of multipurpose river control. The building of a sufficient number of reservoirs is a long-drawn and costly process. Public sentiment may not take kindly to it; for it necessarily causes large-scale displacement of population as has been noticed in the Narmada Banchao movement of Sm. Patakar. For taming the turbulent Damodar, the age-long ‘river of sorrow’, by constructing the Tilaya, Mython and other dams across her, many Bihar villagers had to be shifted, and this was not liked by the local population. The future, no doubt, belongs to successful working of multi-purpose schemes. So petty objections, raised by individual or local interest, must give way before the larger needs of the people. In recent years, the rainy season has brought heavy floods all along the sub-Himalayan plains. The overflow of the tributaries of the Ganges and the Bramhaputra has caused untold sufferings to the people of these localities. Embankments have been broken, bridges have been washed away; villages have been waterlogged, cutting off all communications for days together. The utmost damage has been caused to the towns and villages of Assam by the Brahmaputra floods. The government must put up protective embankments; help the easy drainage of water by removing artificial obstructions, and by adopting local remedies for particular regions. It has been rightly said, â€Å"Rivers that overtop their banks and flood the adjacent lowlands offer a challenge to the people who must be ready to protect their fields from inundation. â€Å"

Ethics and the Canadian Wheat Board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethics and the Canadian Wheat Board - Essay Example The Canadian Wheat Board has faced the incorporation of CSR theories since its conception on the early prairies; today the Board still operates as a dynamic organisation focused on trading high quality produce while giving farmers the best money for their efforts. Fisher and Lovell believe that Corporate Social Responsibility is something that every business, great and small, should be keeping in mind throughout the daily transactions and trade (Fisher and Lovell, 2006). They know that every country is built not directly on its government structure, but instead on its internal business structures, including those smaller organisations that make up a basic business infrastructure at the community level. According to these authors, CSR can incorporate any of three major ideologies into its structure: libertinism, universalism and utilitarianism. Each of these encompasses a different perspective of social justice and therefore will have a different method of identifying and dealing with perceived issues within a corporate structure. Libertinism theory will put the emphasis on the right of the researcher to try any new methods within farming, regardless of the criticisms of other individuals or government bodies. It is, Libertarians will argue, the right of the individual to pursue his or her own theories and try out new methods of seed manufacturing if these theories are basically positive. Scientists and other researchers who promote genetic modification are not singularly focused on the destruction of agriculture, after all; they simply believe that their methods will prove the most viable in the near future. Although at its core, libertinism in CSR aims to free the developer from government restriction for the good of technological advancement, in terms of real social responsibility it is better to use past successes and failures as a guideline when creating new corporate theories (Otsuka, 2003). Universal theory has a different approach to CSR. Promoters of this school of thought believe that the best way for corporations to better serve their customers and communities is for them all to adopt a universally accepted set of rules and laws for operation. This would mean that corporations of any size in the UK, Canada, the United States or in Africa would all have to meet the same guidelines as set out by an intermediary and international governing body. Because of a universal set of rules, corporations would not be able to argue that they can't compete with other similar bodies because of national restrictions; this lets each business come to terms with the same human rights and environmental guidelines within its own organisation and as such, there can be no question whether one business is morally better than another. In contrast to Libertinism and Universalism, Utilitarianism promotes yet another approach to Corporate Social Responsibility. Primarily, this ideology holds that the most crucial aspect of any business endeavour is to bring in new ideas and equipment as they are

The Global Social and Enviremental Opportunities and Risks Facing Essay

The Global Social and Enviremental Opportunities and Risks Facing Woolworths - Essay Example On a global front, Woolworths needs to keep identifying risks and prospects that keep emerging as well as those already in existent. A noteworthy characteristic of the retail industry that Woolworths face is the rising intensity of competition and domination by few companies (Seth & Randall 2001). Therefore, accurate evaluation of social and environmental opportunities and risks is very critical to enable the company to adopt apposite strategic measures. Understanding of these opportunities and risks helps in establishment of effective growth policies and expansion plans or in a more threatening environment measures that pre-eminently upholds the current position or if need be, allows pull-out from markets. Understanding of future opportunities and risks also helps toshape how the management base their strategic decisions. This is because they need to balance and in consideration of other factors, they determine a realistic and sustainable direction to the retail business. Opportunit ies and risk analysis enables a retail chain, such as Woolworths, to identify the global markets and areas that are viable to open up new ventures and how exactly to take care of the needs of the clientele (Richardson & Williams 1995). In addition, they determine the allocation of resources.Opportunities and risks can be in any aspect of the company. They can be in skills and abilities of the employees, location and environment of operation, products and branding, financial and informational management. Social Opportunities and Risks One of the most noteworthy social opportunities is the global Woolworths Trust EduPlant programme (Burch & Lawrence, 2007). In collaboration with other organizations and educational institutions in several countries, for instance South Africa the programme sponsors and funds educational institutions in the growing of healthy foods in a sustainable system (Burch & Lawrence 2007, p 24). For over the last ten years, EduPlant programme has supported thousan ds of educational institutions to boost food security in the societies and to improve the nutrition of their students (Burch & Lawrence 2007, p 24). The programme runs annually and begins with an invitation to various stakeholders in the education sector to go for one day all-expense paid permaculture training.Those who are trained on various permaculture techniques become food security campaigners in their societies. They are then sponsored to grow food gardens that produce much-needed food for the schools within the communities. Land portions within the schools are converted into healthy greened environments and the trained educators are empoweredto share their permaculture skills with other members of the community (Burch & Lawrence, 2007). After the learning institutions have grown their gardens, they register them into a national competition. They continue to get support and guidance from trained permaculture specialists who visit the institutions and finally choose 63 finalist s. All selected finalist institutions are awarded with cash rewards and environmental, health and agricultural resources. Further rewards- in both cash and resources are given to the winners of various other categories. This programme is a great opportunity to market and promote Woolworths and make it a great brand name across all generations as well as boost its corporate social responsibility regarding

Recruitment and Selection Processes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Recruitment and Selection Processes - Essay Example Through the process of recruitment, a company tries to locate prospective employees and encourages them to apply for vacancies at various levels. Recruiting thus, provides a pool of applicants for selection. Selection is a process of picking individuals who have relevant qualifications to fill jobs in an organization (Rao, 2005, p-143). The basic purpose is to choose the individual who can most successfully perform the job, from the pool of qualified candidates. 2.1 PepsiCo India: Pepsi is a flat organization. There are a maximum of four reporting levels. Executive here emphasis achievement, motivation, the ability to deliver come what may. As the Personnel manager of Pepsi Foods remarked Recruiters must be capable of thinking outside the box, cutting the cake of conventional barriers whenever and wherever necessary. They must have a winner mindset and a passion for creating a dynamic change. They must have the ability to deal with ambiguity informality. PepsiCo has to tap external sources for various positions. ... (Business Today, 2000, p.129) Recruiters must be capable of thinking outside the box, cutting the cake of conventional barriers whenever and wherever necessary. They must have a winner mindset and a passion for creating a dynamic change. They must have the ability to deal with ambiguity informality. Recruitment process includes PepsiCo has to tap external sources for various positions. Running enterprises have to recruit employees from outside for filling the positions whose specifications cannot be met by the present employees, and for meeting the additional requirements of manpower. The following external sources of recruitment are commonly used by PepsiCo. (i) Direct Recruitment. An important source of recruitment is recruitment by placing a notice on the notice board of the enterprise specifying the details of the jobs available. It is also known as recruit factory gate. (ii) Casual Callers or Unsolicited Applications. The organizations are regarded as good employers draw a steady stream of unsolicited applications in their offices. This serves as a valuable source of manpower. If adequate attention is paid to maintain pending application folders for jobs, the personnel department may find the unsolicited applications in filling the vacancies whenever they arise. The merit of this source of recruitment is that it avoids the costs of recruiting workforce from other sources. (iii) Outsourcing Under this arrangement, PepsiCo India draws the required personnel from the outsourcing firms or agencies on commission basis rather than offering them employment. This is also called leasing of human resources. The outsourcing firms develop their human resource pools by

Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Exam - Assignment Example American system has two levels of government with equal powers but separate roles (federal system) while in British system parliament is the sole legislative body (Unitary system) (Rogerdarlington 1). Social contract theory is the concept that defines the existence of relationship between the government and the people as hinged on the agreement between the two whereby citizens obeys government rules in exchange for social protection and liberty (Dooley  & Patten, 79). Both Jon Locke and Rousseau views the hardships of the state of nature as the main cause of people’s submission to the authority and that no one has power to rule another person unless by social agreement. According to Locke, the state of nature provides humans with absolute liberty from any government laws and punishments but cannot do anything they wish since they are subject the commandments of God hence should not cause any harm to others. However, Rousseau perceives that the human liberty was corrupted over time and the only way to regain it is by reuniting politically and upholding democratic principles. Though both the US and France have presidential system of government they have some similarities and differences (Joseph, Kesselman  & Krieger 112). Both governments have executive, legislative and judicial branches. The US president is directly elected while the election France is by direct suffrage. The US is headed by president at the apex of power while in France the executive powers are shared between the president and Prime Minister (Joseph et al 112). Also, France president has special powers such as emergency powers, appointing civil and military officers without approval of legislature and powers to dissolve the national assembly while the US president has none of these powers. The concept of â€Å"Third Rome† was promulgated by monk Philotheus postulating Moscow as the third Rome because of its supremacy, God’s choice of the city to fulfill His mission and unity of the people.

Rooms Division Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Rooms Division - Assignment Example This research focuses on room division operations with reference to Nadler Soho, which is a strategically located hotel off Oxford Street. The Tottenham Court Tube Station is situated 400 meters from the hotel while the British Museum is less than 1 kilometre away. In the neighbourhood are several bars and restaurants. The Nadler Soho offers state of the art accommodation facilities comprising well-designed rooms installed with Wi-Fi for guests, global digital newspapers and an LED television set. The rooms comprise modern shower rooms and a hair drier to ensure maximal convenience. Guests are also provided with a small food cupboard and a laptop computer safe. There are a set of legislation in the UK that directly influence the room operations for hotels in the UK. The law of civil rights requires that disabled people be treated equally as other guests. Access to rooms must be provided equally and ramps must be built for use by people with disabilities. Toilets should also be disability friendly among other aspects of the room division. The equality act is against discrimination of any kind including disability, gender, marital status, race, religion and sexual orientation among other social aspects that are predisposed to discrimination (Clark & Chen, 2007). The fire safety regulations of 1988 require room division to guarantee safety for guests and employees. Fire exits must be clearly marked and adequate information provided to the guest in case of a fire outbreak. All such exists are required to open outwards to maximize efficiency of exit in case of fire. Fire fighting equipment need to be installed and marked clearly. Fire retardant furniture and fittings are a statutory requirement. Fire drills are required regularly to assess the effectiveness of response to fire accidents. Guests should not be exposed to health hazards such as electrocution, falling debris and falls among other health hazards. Gas Safety

Introduction & corporate level strategy of Cable&Wireless Assignment

Introduction & corporate level strategy of Cable&Wireless Communication company - Assignment Example ive to mention that critical analysis of CWC will be majorly based on the annual reports and financial statement of the company due to lack of sufficient, updated and reliable alternative sources of information on the internet. According to CWC (2015b) Cable and Wireless Communications (CWC) is a British company founded in 1866 under the name Cable and Wireless Cable plc. In 2010, Cable and Wireless Plc demerged into the Cable and Wireless Communications and Cable and Wireless Worldwide Plc. The company operates as a Telecommunication Company offering mobile, broadband and fixed-line services in the Caribbean and Latin American States. The company has been identified as a mobile services market leader in 10 out of 15 countries, broadband leader in 14 out of the 15 states and the largest market shareholder of fixed line in all the 14 countries that it operates in (CWC, 2011a). CWC provides mobile and mobile data services to 3.7 million customers across its network. The company also has a broadband customer base of 388,000 and a reach of 1.1 million fixed line communications users. Cumulatively, CWC operates in 17 countries and offers the following services; voice services, broadband, texts and mobile intern et (The Guardian, 2014). The company’s impressive financial performance has further been underlined by its 2014/13 financial gains compared to the results of 2013/12. The operating cost of CWC was US $ 763m, representing a 5 % decrease compared to 806m for the year 2013/12 (CWC, 2014e). The company further adjusted its shareholders earnings per share to reflect the growth and performance of the company. The earnings per share increased by 73 % compared to 2013/12 earnings. However, the company reported operating cash flow of US $ of 302m for the financial year 2014/13, a decrease of 5 %. The revenue generated by CWC products and services for the period 2014/13 was US $ 1.873 billion (CWC, 2014e). The company impressively managed to surpass its budgeted targets

Jack Vettriano A Contemporary Artist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Jack Vettriano A Contemporary Artist - Essay Example The paper "Jack Vettriano A Contemporary Artist" talks about the artist, Jack Vettriano. In 1999, Vettriano work was exhibited, for the first time in New-York. He produced twenty paintings and all of them were sold after the first day. Vettriano has produced artistic paintings such as, Voyage of Discovery (1992), Dance me to the end of Love (1993) and The Singing Butlers. 2004 was a great year for Vettriano since his painting, known as the singing butler was sold at Sotheby, Scotland for close to 750,000 dollars and he received the Order of British Empire Award (OBE) for his excellent work in visual arts. Jack Vettriano is also involved in Philanthropic activities. In 2008, he donated a painting, the study of blue-birds for auction in the London Trade fair in-order to raise funds for the Terrance Higgins Trust. In 2004, Vettriano set up a scholarship for St Andrews University to fund a student who was unable to attend University. These are only but a few examples of Vettriano Philant hropic activities. The style of Vettriano painting is often described genre painting and is viewed as sentimental or mysterious as they often depict elegant men and women, with cigarettes and in cocktail parties hinting at erotic activities with intimacies. Today, Jack Vettriano works in his studios in London and Scotland and he has many collectors of his works. The artistic painting ill review is The Singing Butler painting. The Singing Butler is a classic painting and was produced in 1992 and it is suited.

Should People Have Autonomy over Their End of Life Decisions Essay Example for Free

Should People Have Autonomy over Their End of Life Decisions Essay There is a lot of controversy surrounding the issue of people’s autonomy when it comes to the end of their lives. Why somebody would want to end their life prematurely is a question that puzzles people. So therefore is hard to comprehend why people should have autonomy over such a thing. There has been an increase in the interest of euthanasia and assisted suicide for the terminally ill in recent years (Williams 1997). The most obvious reason for someone wanting to end their life is to end the suffering they are going through once the illness goes beyond being bearable. Palliative care is an important part of treating a seriously ill patient. It provides a patient with care, support and any medical treatment they need including pain relief. But is this enough? A person that is extremely sick, for example, a terminally ill cancer patient, or a person that is paralysed from the neck down, or any person that is unable to do things for themselves – such as washing, eating etc., will need to depend on others to help them. This would involve somebody dressing them, washing them, feeding them – or having being fed via I.V., they would need help going to the toilet and may need to be lifted in and out of a bed. These peoples quality of life would be very low. They may be depending on family members for these things or medical professionals that are strangers to them. Either way, this can be an embarrassing and upsetting for a person. They may feel like they have lost all sense of dignity and some might feel like they are just waiting to die. People in these situations may often decide that the best option for them is to end their physical and emotional pain. If a doctor cannot improve an individual’s quality of life and they make that decision to end their suffering, the patient should have right to have their wishes met. Those that request assistance in dying are usually very desperate and do not see any other option. There are vast amounts of arguments against autonomy at the end of ones life too. Religious perspectives. consequences on family, friends and healthcare professionals. Is it ethical? Would it begin a slippery slope towards involuntary euthanasia? But are these arguments and opinions stronger than a person’s right to choose? The Argument The subject of euthanasia is very controversial because there are very strong arguments at both ends of the spectrum. There are any justifications for and against the issue of one’s autonomy over their end of life decision. Paterson (2008) states that religion plays a role in many people’s decisions against voluntarily ending one’s life. Most religions are strongly opposed to the idea that a person should want to end their own life and/or aid an individual in doing so. Other factors come into play such as conscience and morality. Some people see it as unlawful and more often than not, it is a very taboo subject that people would rather not discuss. (Paterson, 2008) On the opposite end of the spectrum, one will argue that those who are terminally ill are going through unbearable suffering, they may need help going to the bathroom, eating and drinking and possibly feel like they have lost their dignity because of this. In an online article written for the Daily Mail, a man by the name of Tony Nicklinson describes his life as â€Å"miserable, demeaning and undignified† (Miller, 2012). The article describes how Nicklinson is mentally sound but physically paralysed from the neck down and took his plea for his right to die to the courts. This emphasises that euthanasia and assisted suicide can be a relief from pain and suffering, or in Tony Nicklinson’s case, an alternative to the quality of life he must struggle through on a daily basis. (Miller, 2012) Many factors come into play when a person decides they no longer want to live. It is not a decision that is made lightly. It is one of desperation. Those opposed to the idea of assisted suicide and euthanasia will argue that a patient in severe pain and suffering in their daily living, will receive the appropriate palliative care thus, rendering euthanasia unnecessary (Anti-euthanasia arguments 2012) But surely palliative care is also a necessary element in figuring out whether or not a person would be deemed eligible if euthanasia were an option for them. Palliative care also provides support for those closest to a patient. If a terminally ill patient of sound mind wishes to end their pain and suffering, does that mean that they and their close family and friends are no longer entitled to the same care and support as those patients that do not choose to end their lives earlier? Under the subtitle ‘Proper Palliative Care’, an article on the BBC website states â€Å"The key to successful palliative care is to treat the patient as a person, not as a set of symptoms, or medical problems.† (Anti-euthanasia arguments 2012) If this is the case, the patient as a person – should be given their dignity, respect and deserve to have their voice heard. â€Å"The judgement – as to whether a life, in the face of intractable pain and suffering, is worth living – can and should be determined by the conscience of the individual patient []† (Paterson, 2008. p16) An article for the Irish Times declares that the attitudes of the irish people towards euthanasia is rapidly changing. A study carried out by a Canadian student, Matthew Carere on final year medical students in UCC, reveals that the majority – almost 60% were in favour of euthanasia, with Carere stating that the reason for this was that patients are more informed these days to make their own decisions and that medical professionals have more respect for patient autonomy (Roseingrave, 2011). Very often, deliberate decisions are made which results in the end of a life. For example, a person could be kept on life support, but instead, a family member or other significant person might choose to switch off the life support machine resulting in the official death of a patient. There is also the case that resuscitation of a patient may eventually prove to be trivial and a doctor might suggest just making the patient as comfortable as possible until their eventual passing. In the above situations, a medical professional’s decisions would not be questioned or doubted. It is conventional practice (Warnock and MacDonald 2008). An organisation called Exit International was set up in 1997 by Dr. Philip Nitschke. They believe that people have the right to make an informed decision about when and how they will bring their life to an end. They provide information and support to those that need it on assisted suicide and voluntary euthanasia (About Exit International 2012) â€Å"Exit’s long term goal is responsible and ethical law reform. The Swiss model of decriminalising assisted suicide is the preferred model.† (About Exit International 2012) At the moment the Netherlands is the only place in the world that one can legally take action should they decide it’s their time to go (Griffiths and Weyers 1998). It was legalised fully in the year 2000. Prior to this doctors could still be prosecuted by law. However, there are strict guidelines that must be met. â€Å"1. Adult patients must be beyond any hope of recovery and face continuous unbearable pain. 2. The patient must make repeated, clear and reasoned requests to do so. 3. A second physician must be consulted. 4. The action must be carried out in a medically approved manner. 5. parental consent is required for patients under 16 years old.† (Legalized Euthanasia 2007) In Switzerland, active euthanasia is illegal but with specific consent, doctors may provide the drugs but the patient must be the one to take them voluntarily. (Legalized Euthanasia 2007) A person’s right to choose is very imminent. Considering the criteria that must be met in the Netherlands and Switzerland, it’s very obvious that it is only an option if it is in the very best interest of the patient. This makes sense if one considers prolonging the suffering of a patient both physically and mentally as cruel and unethical. Conclusion The term ‘suicide’ brings with it a lot of negative emotions. The idea that somebody would willingly want to end their lives is a distressing thought. It conjures up the idea that a person is depressed and in deep emotional pain. The idea of suicide is indeed scary. This, perhaps may be why people panic when they hear the term ‘assisted-suicide’ or when they think about euthanasia. What those opposed to the idea of prematurely ending a life do not think about though, is the physical as well as the emotional pain a terminally ill person is feeling. They can empathise but not fully understand, unless they are in the same or similar situation. So, who are they to deny a human being their free will and choice to end their suffering? How do they know that they would not feel the same way if they were the ones going through the unbearable pain and lack of dignity? â€Å"Furthermore it is argued, we ourselves have an obligation to relieve the suffering of our fell ow human beings and to respect their dignity.† (Andre, Velasquez 2012) People against the idea of assisted suicide and euthanasia will speak of the guilt of allowing a person to seek an end to their own lives. But where is their guilt in watching an individual, perhaps a loved one in relentless pain? Where is their compassion for the terminally ill patient? (Andre and Velasquez 2012) Thos people may also talk about a ‘slippery-slope’ to involuntary suicide. the legalisation of euthanasia and assisted suicide under certain circumstances, would mean legislation – criteria that needs to be met, similarly, if not the same as that of Netherlands. â€Å"with safeguards, the law should permit it and people should be supplied with the means to take their own life or a doctor should be authorized to end their life provided the request is made before witnesses.† (Williams 1997) People of sound mind should have autonomy over what they want to happen at the end of their life, they should have the choice. Williams (1997) suggests that if one rationally decides that they want to end their life, they must be prepared to discuss the pros and the cons of their decision and the reasons behind those decisions will be questioned. He writes that we all have a right to make a decision on our own life and once their unit of family and friends is taken into account, then it can be justifiable to deliberately end a life. This is completely understandable and logical. People would no longer have to endure excruciating pain and struggle through the end of their lives without dignity. If they have autonomy, they have the choice to end their suffering and pain.

Harry S. Truman and Korea -to Unite Essay Example for Free

Harry S. Truman and Korea -to Unite Essay The Chinese joined the Koreans side and helped fight back against US troops. General MacArthur -To completely defeat the Korean and Chinese armies. -President Truman ordered for him to stop his assault on the Asian countries. -He persisted and was eventually fired because his arrogance cost them the battle. President Truman -To keep Korea from becoming a communist country. -China helped North Korea fight the war to spread communism. They joined with the allies in the UN to help stop the spread of communism. China -To spread and maintain communism -They were afraid of the US and UN invading them -They planned a surprise attack which was successful. United Nations -To stop the spread of communism. -MacArthur persisted on fighting. -They relieved general MacArthur of his duties. How did General Douglas MacArthur react to the events in Korea? What was his stance on the Korean War? He decided to keep pushing against the enemys border. He believed China did not have enough resources to fight back. He wanted to take out the Chinese army once and for all. How did President Truman respond to the events in Korea? What was his stance on the Korean War? President Truman wanted to stop the spread of communism in the East. He fought a war against North Korea and China to keep communism away from South Korea. He wanted to end the fighting once they had cleared Chinese troops from Korea. Which leaders actions were the most justifiableGeneral McArthurs or President Trumans? Support your claim with evidence from the lesson. President Trumans actions were more justifiable because He knew when the battle was over. He did not want to keep pushing against the enemy. The push that MacArthur made on China caused them to lose the battle and be attacked in a surprise. Would the outcome of the Korean War have been different had General MacArthur not been fired? Why or why not? Support your claim with evidence from the lesson. I think the outcome might have been different if MacArthur had not been fired. They might have kept fighting against China until they had completely wiped out their army. They could also have disbanded all communism in Korea and maybe in China as well.

Water Scarcity in Singapore

Water Scarcity in Singapore Student Name: Rosa   Abstract This report mentioned about the water scarcity in Singapore. There are lots of water problems happened over the few past years. I have searched several websites and some scientific essays about the problem which is discribe as a serious water shortage in Singapore. The hypothesis is that they can improve the situation if they continue to follow their policy, and the final findings actually proved my hypothesis. At last, several solutions are compared and judged, such as using water from another city while developing the water system inside their country. Also, other ideas and factors are concerned in this report. Introduction This is a scientific report which is all about water scarcity in Singapore. It is a serious problem that their usable water is really in a shortage level. Every living life there lived on their limited water resources. These problems mentioned different areas in water chemistry, such as analyzing the elements in the water to make sure if the properties of those rivers are suitable for people to live. In China, it is common to see green water in the city, because of the impurities that came from the factories mixed in the water. (XinHua, 2011)Accorfing to the research, there are only 100 cubic metres available for each person in China. However, in rural places of China, this kind of position is even serious, these are all caused by the environment. To talk about water, aquatic ecosystem is a large factor of this area, it means the whole surroundings, including the living things and the environment in a particular place. Chinese governments had made countless laws to protect the water properties, and had encouraged people in those areas start to take actions to collect rain for desalinating. This way can actually improve the water problem but is not enough for people to use during time passed. From my point of view, the best way of dealing with this problem is to keep the strategy that they are using now, because it will be fine to keep the country going on. Methodology My research information is quite reliable, because they referred many websites from government, academic websites, and also from some famous universities. Several websites and essays are compared together in order to find the best information for my main topic. The causes of polluting water, the local situation of water in China and Singapore, the supply and the demand of water that each country faces, all the problems mentioned above are researched carefully. The reliability of each websites are checked, and the usable factors of information are selected, my hypothesis is supported by these information, so they yshould be brilliant ideas in this report. Findings According to the research I had done, water scarcity becomes the largest problem for the whole world. The increasing of population forces the government to solve water scarcity immediately. After mid-1960s, Singapore started to develop its economy, and this causes the large demand of water but citizens can not paid for it. Hence, this leaded to the water scarcity. Chew Men Leong said that Singapore mostly relied on water from Malaysia since 1927. These countries are always friends because of the relationship of water. Years later, Chew Men Leong indicated that their Singapore government should use the lands wisely and hurry up in the area of water reuse system. Then, they spent years of time working on improving the reuse system, meanwhile, they appeal people to save as much as they can. (INSEAD.edu) The biggest problems happened in Singapore are the reuse of water, and the supply problem. The website shows that it often rains in Singapore, but the lands in Singapore are too limited, there are only few lakes that can store water. Another problem is that the population in Singapore is continuing to raise, although the usable water is providing more and more by the government, citizens still do not have enough water to live. I have done same search on China, it is also a country that facing a serious situation with water scarcity, and there are some relations between these two countries. After research we can see that the government had transform water from Johor to cities in Singapore in order to improve the serious problem. Further more,from 2011, the technique of collecing water had helped Singapore increase 2/3 of their lands so that citizens have more lands to live on. Here listed the problems China has: (Graphic 1) Lagging water resource management reforms Lack of an integrated, efficient, and effective institutional system Weak water resource management Underdeveloped water rights system Slow establishment of water markets Overemphasis on engineering projects compared to management approaches Lack of a stable financing mechanism for environmental investment Insufficient attention to role of natural water bodies to support ecosystems (Glenshewchuck, 2010) Discussion Referred to the findings, the hypothesis is supported. What government did to their citizens is not enough for solving this water problem, because the information I collected had obviously shows that as the development passing, the population of people in Singapore had also raised a lot, and they are still worrying about the supply of water in their country. If this policy is used in China, it also can not solve water scarcity, especially when the population are too large, because this is the largest cause of a mass of water demand. As the hypothesis described, the government can do more to their country, such as develop more lakes for storage the rain, they had already set up a great water reusing and water desalinating system, and the weather there provides them enough rain each year, if they could use those rain, the problem must be reduced a lot. Water scarcity had disrupted peoples life in Singapore, and nowadays the problem is getting larger and larger, the governments also mad e laws to protect and remind people that fresh water is not countless. Believe that everyone in the world can see different types of advertisements both on the wall and television, they are all about telling people to save water, bacause as we know, there are only 2.5 percent of water can be used by human. In addition, we can easily find that there are some similarities between Singapore and China, although they are not in the same situation, even they are totaly different in the reasons of water scarcity, they are both need an integrated water system. They are both slow in developing water system. (Glenshewchuck, 2010) Hence, the protection and more strategies should be done by every individual in the whole world, Singapore can also use the strategies which China used, firstly compelete the policy of using water, reduce the price of water for poor peole rationaly, and then keep environment clean enough for people store water for reusing. In order to improve the environment, both of them had appeal people to keep rivers clean, and what they can do is to continue this action. Conclusions and Recommendation All in all, the hypothesis is supported by the evidences I provide before. Obviously, there are also a large amount of researches can be done, because the development is moving faster and faster, the demands are also becoming larger and larger, if they do not change this situation, it could be worse. However, there are only references from the Internet, but I think this is not enough, there should be more references from scientific books, because books are published to the public, they can not be changed by anyone. References The world bank. Dealing with water scarcity in Singapore: Institution, Strategies, and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Enforcement (2006), world bank [online.] Available from:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEAPREGTOPENVIRONMENT/Resources/   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   WRM_Singapore_experience_EN.pdf [Assessed on 5 October 2016] Hua, Xin. Beijing to fight water scarcity (2011), China daily [online.] Available from:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2011-10/08/content_13851695.htm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   [Assessed on 5 October 2016] Liping, Jiang. How to combat water scarcity in China (2011), China.org.cn [online.]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Avalable from: http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2011-03/03/content_22043145_2.htm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   [Assessed on 6 October 2016] Glenshewchuck. Water scarcity- China (2010), world resources sin center [online.]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Available from: http://www.wrsc.org/story/water-scarcity-china-0   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   [Assessed on 6 October 2016] Tackling Singapores water shortage, INSEAD[online.] Avaiable from:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://centres.insead.edu/innovation-policy/events/documents/Singapore-WaterShortage.pdf   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   [Assessed on 6 October 2016]

Pride And Prejudice :: essays research papers

Overcoming Pride and Prejudice through Maturity and Self- Understanding Jane Austen, born in Steventon, England, in 1775, began to write the original manuscript of Pride and Prejudice, entitled First Impressions, which was completed by 1797, but was rejected for publication. The work was rewritten around 1812 and published in 1813 as Pride and Prejudice. During Austen’s career, Romanticism reached its zenith of acceptance and influence, while Pride and Prejudice displays little evidence on the Romantic movement, it also reveals no awareness of the international upheavals and consequent turmoil in England that took place during Austen’s lifetime. The society of Jane Austen’s era is a stratified one, in which class divisions are rooted in family connections and wealth. Austen is often critical of the assumptions and prejudices of upper- class England and her novels distinguish between internal merit and rank or possessions. The central concern of this â€Å"comedy of manners† is Mrs. Bennet's dogged efforts to find suitable husb ands for her daughters. The amiable Jane and the gentle Bingley are almost drawn to each other. In contrast, the arrogant, insolent, conceited Mr. Darcy and the spontaneous, high- spirited, vivacious Elizabeth have several encounters of a battle of wits throughout the novel. Austen studies social relationships in the limited society of a country neighborhood and investigates them in detail with an often ironic and humorous eye. The significance of the title helps determine the actions of the two main characters and thereby the course of the plot. â€Å"Pride† is an unrealistic exaggeration of one’s importance. Prejudice prevents people from judging others according to their real merits. Both pride and prejudice are moral distortions and prevent the individual from seeing things as they really are. Marked by an elegant structure, and sharp satire, Pride and Prejudice encompasses the primary theme that maturity is achieved through the loss of illusion, particularly perta ining to the relationships between the witty yet prejudiced Elizabeth Bennet and the cultured yet prideful Fitzwilliam Darcy. Throughout the novel, Austen satirizes the manners of all classes, exposing people who have excessive pride as rude and often foolish, regardless of wealth or station. While the terms of pride and prejudice pertain particularly to Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth, there are other characters as well that portray these traits as well. Austen uses Mr. Collins as an extreme example of how excessive pride can affect one’s manner. In Mr. Collin’s case, he prides himself on his sense of respectability, his profession, and his association with Lady Catherine.

Internet Censorship is Needed Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Internet Censorship is Needed During the past forty years, over a thousand studies have been conducted on the effects of film and television violence.   This research concluded that media violence, which includes television and movies, contributes to violence in the real world.   According to The United States Department of Justice (DOJ), one expert concluded, "To argue against it is like arguing against gravity." What have been potential effects of this media violence?   Below are some statistics produced by DOJ Statistics from the United States Department of Justice ("DOJ"): *  Ã‚   2.8 million juveniles were arrested in 1997.   Out of these, there were 2,500 murder arrests and 121,000 arrests for other types of violent crimes *  Ã‚   "Juveniles accounted for 19% of all arrests, 14% of murder arrests, and 17% of all violent crime arrests." - (Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 1999) *  Ã‚   There has been a 49% increase in the number of juvenile violent crime arrests between 1988 and 1997. *  Ã‚   18% of high school students carry weapons on a regular basis. *  Ã‚   9% of ...

Binge Eating in Bulimia Nervosa Essay -- Causes of Bulimia, Eating Di

In our Western society, we have several different types of eating dysfunction, all of which are unique and tragic in their own right. Despite their individuality, however, they all have several overlapping symptoms that are key to their classification and severity. For Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and Binge Eating Disorder (BED), one of the core features is binge eating, which can be defined objectively by number of calories eaten in a given time or subjectively by the feelings of the binger. Binge eating has many different aspects that are of interest to scientists and clinicians alike. One of those interests has to do with the reduction of this symptom among populations being treated for their respective disorder. Because both disorders are relatively new to the scientific and clinical world, there is much debate over how to treat, define, and possibly distinguish this phenomenon between the two disorders. For the purpose of this review, I intended to examine the evidence for the best outcomes, both immediate and long term, for reduction of binge eating in these disorders. Clinicians treat BN and BED in several different ways, some of which are more effective than others, especially at reducing the core symptom of binge eating. Although many treatments exist, those most researched in terms of treatment outcome are interpersonal therapy (IPT), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), behavior therapy (BT), and pharmacological therapy. These treatments are not designed to simply treat binge eating; instead, they are used to treat the whole of the disorder. However, by understanding the workings of the therapy and differences in treatment outcomes among core features, science can expand upon its understan... ...ee Psychological Treatments. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52: 304-312. Fairburn, C. G., Jones, R., Peveler, R. C., Carr, S. J., Solomon, R. A., O’Connor, M. E., Burton, J., Hope, R. A. (1991). Three Psychological Treatments for Bulimia Nervosa. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48: 463-469. Peterson, C. B. & Mitchell, J E. (1999). Psychosocial and Pharmacological Treatment of Eating Disorders: A Review of Research Findings. Journal of Clinical Psychology, June: 686-697. Walsh, B. T., Wilson, G T., Loeb, K L., Devlin, M. J., Pike, K. M., Roose, S. P., Fleiss, J. & Waternaux, C. (1997). Medication and Psychotherapy in the treatment of Bulimia Nervosa. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154: 523-531. Wilfey, D. E., Cohen, L. R. (1997). Psychological Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder. Psychopharmacology Bulletin,33(3): 437-454.

The Age of Faith Dbq

The Age of Faith The Middle Ages are commonly remembered for King Arthur tales, violent crusades, widespread illiteracy and the bubonic plague. Yet so much more is worthy of remembrance. The philosophers of â€Å"The Age of Reason† called the Middle Ages the â€Å"Age of Faith†. The Middle Ages were steeped in reason, logic, and natural philosophy. The Middle Ages is usually defined as the period between the fall of the last Roman emperor in the West (476 A. D. ) and the fall of Constantinople to the Turks (1453) or the discovery of America (1492). During the Middle Ages, the Church was almost as powerful as the government itself. The Age of Faith is the time in which the Church called for the first Crusade, philosophy flourished in the midst of chaos, and the Church expanded and gained more power. In Pope Urban II’s Call for the First Crusade Pope Urban is calling for Christians to fight in the name of God. The reason being that in the Middle East the Turks and Arabs were persecuting the Christians. The invaders killed and captured the Christians, and destroyed the churches. The Call for the Crusade was a result of a request sent by Emperor Alexios I Komnenos to Pope Urban in 1095. The Emperor asked of the Pope for aid against further invasions. In return for fighting in the Crusade, the Pope promised all who died, by land or by sea, or against the pagans, would have immediate remission of his sins. The remission of sin was a driving factor and provided any God-fearing man who had committed sins with an irresistible way out of eternal damnation in hell. Medieval philosophy is the philosophy of Western Europe from about ad 400–1400, roughly the period between the fall of Rome and the Renaissance. In Medieval Europe by H. C Davis, the accomplishments of the Middle Ages are called to mind. Its culture, specifically the philosophy, flourished even though there were a number of negative factors influencing them. Christianity was an important stimulus to philosophical activity. Its ideas and doctrines constituted a rich source of philosophical provocation. Medieval philosophy, therefore, took root in an intellectual world sustained by the Church and infused with Christianity’s texts and ideas. At the time, he Church was the most powerful influence, almost more so than the government. The government and the Church were almost as one in the same. And that was evident in the philosophies that stemmed from that perspective. The Church was at its peak of power in all of its history. It was that that inspired all the philosophers of that time to reflect and define the world with that mindset; the Church was center of everything in life. In Europe during the Middle Ages the only r ecognized religion was Christianity, in the form of the Catholic religion. The lives of the Medieval people of the Middle Ages was dominated by the church. From birth to death, whether you were a peasant, a serf, a noble a lord or a King – life was dominated by the church. The lives of many Medieval people were dedicated to the Catholic church and religion. In The Monastic Vows of Brother Gerald, Gerald is promising when he becomes a monk to, in a sense give up his life. When you undertake the vow to become a monk, you give up your family and worldly possessions in return for a live of purity, chastity, and poverty. The Truce of God outlines the church’s attempt to decrease the amount of sins that are being committed and restore the peace slowly through a form of a peace decree. This is just one example of the church demonstrating its new power. With its own laws, lands and taxes the Catholic church was a very powerful institution which had its own laws and lands. The Catholic Church also imposed taxes. In addition to collecting taxes, the Church also accepted gifts of all kinds from individuals who wanted special favors or wanted to be certain of a place in heaven. The power of the Catholic Church grew with its wealth. The Catholic Church was then able to influence the kings and rulers of Europe. Opposition to the Catholic Church would result in excommunication. This meant that the person who was excommunicated could not attend any church services, or receives the sacraments and would go straight to hell when they died. The Church was at its height of secular power during the Middle Ages, or the Age of Faith. The church was integrated into every part of Medieval life. In every way that it could, the church would make sure to make its power and influence known of. The Medieval church was corrupt, we can conclude nowadays but it was unknown to its followers then. The church used its power to keep its believers in fear and easier to bend to the church’s will. They accepted bribes and favors to reserve and promise you your seat and place in heaven. But, overall the church in the Middle Ages helped protect its holy land, expanded philosophy and contributed new knowledge on a variety of subjects, all the while ensuring its power as a secular leader. This, the extent of the church’s power, is why the Middle Ages are the Age of Faith.

Biology Assignment, Types of Wounds and Quick Treatments

5 Types of Open Wounds: Abrasion – Abrasions are wounds caused by traumatic scraping and loss of skin. Falls occurring while in motion frequently lead to skin abrasions. Extensive skin loss may occur with high-speed motorcycle or similar accidents. Thorough cleansing and bandaging of abrasions involving small/limited skin loss should be done as first aid. Extensive or deep abrasions require a bigger treatment, which, in the most severe cases, may include skin grafting (used to permanently replace damaged or missing skin or to provide a temporary wound covering). Lacerations – Lacerations consist of cuts to the skin caused by sharp objects.Broken glass, knives, and other sharp tools are what commonly cause/started skin lacerations. In â€Å"Common Simple Emergencies,† thorough cleansing of a laceration wound is important in preventing wound infection. Adhesive strips, tissue adhesive, skin staples or stitches can be used to close a laceration wound. How to close a laceration wounds depends on the location, shape, size and the severity of the wound. Punctures – Puncture wounds result from forceful, deep skin penetration by slender objects. Accidentally stepping on a nail or other sharp object is a common cause of puncture wounds.Punctures wounds provided bacteria with an entryway into the deep layers of the skin where they can grow. The risk for tetanus, an infection caused by the bacterium Clostridium tentani, in simpler words meaning, infection from dirty metallic objects may provide health concern. Puncture wounds can be treated through cleansing and making sure you are up to date with your tetanus vaccination. Puncture wounds associated with animal, such as bees or most commonly dogs and human bites may require some medicine/antibiotic treatment because of the high risk infection to the bone and flesh.Animal bites may require rabies vaccination if the animal has rabies, or if their current status is unknown. Incision – Rarel y occurs, unless when handling knives, or bumping into something sharp, incision is almost like a scratch except deeper and more serious. More like a cut in the skin caused by a sharp object such as a knife, broken glass, scissors or surgeon's scalpel. Incision wounds are also â€Å"neat† (does not affect a large amount of area with little wounds) and the edges of the skin are usually smooth (not damaged, more like split)Avulsion – An injury in which a body structure is forcibly detached. It most commonly refers to a surface trauma where all layers of the skin have been torn away; exposing the underlying structures (e. g. subcutaneous tissue, muscle, tendons). This is similar to an abrasion but more severe, as body parts such as an eyelid or an ear can be partially or fully detached from the body. (Simple form: the forced removal of all of layers of the skin, the Epidermis, Dermis and Hypodermis, revealing tissues, muscles, tendons and sometimes bones underneath)

Edgar Allen Poe’s Tribute

The poem â€Å"Annabel Lee† by Edgar Allen Poe is written to tell the story of the speaker's greatest love. The speaker and Annabel Lee loved each other with â€Å"a love that was more than love† until she fell ill and died (9). The speaker blames the angels for killing his darling and proves his love for her by attending her graveside every day for the rest of his life.One way the speaker demonstrates his love is by describing their home (the setting of the poem) as a â€Å"kingdom by the sea† (2). This means the speaker sees himself as royalty because the love he and Annabel Lee share makes him so incredibly wealthy and powerful. This power and wealth was so great, in fact, that â€Å"heaven coveted† the love about which Edgar Allen Poe wrote (10). The angels were jealous of this love being shared on earth, which was apparently more wonderful than anything they had experienced in heaven as angels. The use of the word â€Å"coveted† implies a darker meaning. This was not the simple jealousy of a teenage girl. The angels were committing a sin, breaking one of the commandments of their Divine Master by coveting the love between two of His children. Finally, the speaker's grief at her death further implies the depth and strength of their love. It is logical that the greater the love, the greater the grief; the inverse is also true: the greater the grief, the greater the love. Instead of merely being laid to rest in a coffin or a grave, death â€Å"shut her up in a sepulcher† there â€Å"by the sea† (19, 40). Sepulcher brings such dark connotations that we can almost see the speakershrouded in black after her death, mourning as deeply as the seanext to her tomb.Edgar Allen Poe contributed to the extremity of the poem by using a tone of reverence and pride. This is not some silly poem about puppy love. The love shared by Annabel Lee and the speaker was serious, and seems to be one we can only refer to with a sense of sobriety and admiration. In line 28, the speaker refers to his pride by comparing himself to those older and wiser, saying that hehad experienced a love that â€Å"was stronger by far† than anything those older and wiser had experienced. The

Effect van EPO

InleidingHet hoofddoel new wave dot onderzoek is onderzoeken wat het consequence new wave EPO is op je sportprestaties. Dit zal worden onderzocht met behulp new wave een aantal deelvragen. Ten eerste zal Er worden gekeken naar het consequence new wave EPO op heated menselijk lichaam. Ten tweede zal Er antwoord worden gegeven op hoe EPO je sportprestaties be & amp ; iuml ; nvloed. En tot slot kijken we bij welke sporten EPO het meeste consequence heeft. Door het beantwoorden new wave deze vragen zal Er antwoord worden gegeven op de hoofdvraag ; Wat is heated consequence new wave EPO op je sportprestaties? Er wordt straks eerst een kleine uitleg gegeven over wat EPO nou eigenlijk is, en wat voor consequence EPO op je lichaam heeft. Vervolgens wordt Er uitgelegd wat de gevaren van EPO zijn en hoe ze in topsport de controle uitvoeren op het gebruik new wave EPO. Daarna zal Er uitgelegd worden hoe je op andere manieren ook hetzelfde consequence van cre & A ; euml ; ren ALSs dat EPO op je lichaam heeft. In hoofdstuk 6 zal kort worden aangetoond digital audiotape Er verschillende soorten EPO zijn, van verschillende generaties. In heated laatste hoofdstuk zal Er worden gekeken bij welke sporten EPO nou het meest effectief is en zullen Er enkele voorbeelden new wave EPO gebruikers worden gegeven. Tot slot volgt Er een conclusie met heated antwoord op de deelvragen en de hoofdvraag.EPOEPO, ook wel Erytropo & A ; euml ; tine of hematopoietine genoemd. is een hormoon digital audiotape in de nieren en lever wordt geproduceerd en dat de aanmaak van rode bloedcellen stimuleerd. EPO is een glycoprote & A ; iuml ; Ne. Erytropo & A ; euml ; tine wordt door het menselijke lichaam gemaakt, maar kan ook in laboratoria gefabriceerd worden, en is dan een vorm new wave rhEPO ( recombinante humane erytropo & A ; euml ; tine ) bekend onder merknamen ALSs Eprex, Mircera etc. Menselijke nieren maken de stof ALSs reactie op een lage zuurstofspanning zoals bij anemie wordt gezien. Oorspronkelijk werd de stof dan ook gesynthetiseerd ALSs geneesmiddel voor mensen met niet goed functionerende nieren, die ondanks kunstnierbehandeling bijna allemaal bloedarmoede kregen door een gebrek aan epo. Door dot Te geven kon de bloedarmoede worden gecorrigeerd. Ook kankerpati & A ; euml ; nten kunnen tijdens de chemokuur epo toegediend krijgen tegen bloedarmoede, dot is nodig omdat door de chemokuur rode bloedlichaampjes in het lichaam kapot worden gemaakt.Wat doet EPO?Bloed bestaat uit rode bloedcellen, witte bloedcellen, bloedplasma en nog enkele andere deeltjes. EPO stimuleert de aanmaak van rode bloedcellen en verhoogt h eated totale bloedvolume ; EPO zorgt dus voor meer bloed in het lichaam. Rode bloedcellen zorgen voor het conveyance new wave zuurstof in het hele lichaam. Een rode bloedcel bevat bepaalde structuren, die hemoglobines worden genoemd. Deze structuren in de bloedcel binden zuurstof aan zich ( figuur 2 ) . Sporters met veel rode bloedcellen voorzien Hun spieren dus beter new wave zuurstof. Als je gaat sporten, wordt er door je spieren melkzuur gemaakt. Melkzuur wordt vooral aangemaakt onder anaerobe omstandigheden. Anaeroob betekent zonder zuurstof. De spieren zorgen dus voor energie om Te bewegen, zonder digital audiotape ze daarbij zuurstof gebruiken. Dit gebeurt alleen ALSs het bloed niet genoeg zuurstof kan vervoeren naar de spieren, want het is erg ongunstig. Een sporter kan hierdoor namelijk verzuren. Bij verzuring is heated gehalte melkzuur in de spieren zo hoog, digital audiotape je spieren eigenlijk niet meer willen bewegen. Dit kan leiden tot vermoeidheid en kramp. Spieren gaan dus alleen anaeroob werken ALSs het genuine moet. Een sporter dice EPO gebruikt, kan meer zuurstof vervoeren en zal dus minder snel verzuren dan een sporter dice geen EPO gebruikt. De spieren krijgen meer zuurstof aangeleverd en hoeven dus niet anaeroob Te werken. Als het totaal aan rode bloedcellen en heated totale bloedvolume stijgt, heeft dat ook enkele voordelen voor het lopen of fietsen new wave wedstrijden bij warm weer. Als je intensief beweegt terwijl het erg warm is, koelt het lichaam zichzelf af door meer bloed naar de oppervlakte van de huid Te laten gaan. Doordat het bloed meer aan de oppervlakte pimple, koelt heated sneller af dan digital audiotape het in heated dieper in het lichaam pimple. Dit bloed, aan de oppervlakte, gaat 10 koste new wave het bloed dat zuurstof naar de spieren moet vervoeren. Er is dus tekort bloed beschikbaar om de spieren van voldoende zuurstof Te voorzien. EPO zorgt ervoor digital audiotape het lichaam meer bloed tot zijn beschikking heeft, zodat de spieren, zelfs in de hitte, nog wel zuurstof krijgen. Een ander voordeel is dat er meer H2O in het lichaam is. Bloedplasma bestaat vooral uit H2O, en maakt deel uit new wave het bloed. Dus ALSs het bloedvolume groter is geworden door het gebruik new wave EPO, is ook de hoeveelheid H2O in het lichaam groter. De waterreserve, dice wordt gebruikt bij wedstrijden, is dus groter. Een sporter dice EPO gebruikt kan dus beter tegen de hitte dan een sporter dice niet gebruikt om twee redenen. De eerste is dat hij minder snel verzuurt doordat Er nog genoeg bloed is om zuurstof Te vervoeren. De tweede reden is dat hij meer H2O heeft in zijn lichaam en dus minder snel uitdroogt. Het consequence new wave EPO kan ongeveer drie maanden duren.Gevaren new wave EPOAls je meer vaste stof aan een oplossing toevoegt, wordt de oplossing dikker. Als er nu meer rode bloedcellen worden gemaakt ( een vaste stof ) , wordt het bloed ( oplossing ) dikker.Het bloed new wave een sporter dice EPO gebruikt wordt dus dikker. Het bloed moet door allerlei hele dunne aders in het lichaam, ook naar de hersenen en het Hart. Als het bloed nu heel dik is, kan het niet meer goed door de aderen stromen en hoopt het op. De gevolgen hiervan kunnen zeer ernstig zijn. De sporter kan een hartaanval krijgen of een beroerte en dood gaan. Dit is al een enkele keren gebeurd. In heated jaar digital audiota pe EPO voor het eerst in Europa Te krijgen was, 1987, zijn er vijf nederslandse wielrenners gestorven. Ook in de rest new wave Europa zijn er doden gevallen. Als er sprake is van een hogere temperatuur ontstaat Er een ander gevaar. Als de sporter zweet verliest hij vocht waardoor het bloed N & A ; oacute ; g dikker. Hierdoor wordt de kans op een hartaanval of beroerte voor de EPO gebruiker dus N & A ; oacute ; g groter wordt. Als het erg warm is, verliest het lichaam veel H2O. Het bloed wordt dan peg dikker en het risico new wave een hartaanval of beroerte is dan zoals net ook Al genoemd nog groter.Hoe controleert work forces op heated gebruik new wave EPO?EPO lijkt ALSs twee druppels H2O op het echte hormoon.Het EPO-molecuul is exact hetzelfde aan het hormoon digital audiotape in de nieren wordt geproduceerd. Bij toediening new wave EPO aan een pati & A ; euml ; nt treedt er dan ook geen afweerreactie op, omdat deze stof Al lichaamseigen is, er worden dus ook geen antistoffen tegen EPO gevormd en het medicijn heeft ook nauwelijks bijwerkingen. Bovendien is heated gebruik new wave EPO al na drie dagen niet meer Te achterhalen. Er zijn gee n stoffen meer in de piss of in het bloed Te vinden. Het is dan ook ook erg moeilijk het gebruik Te controleren. Daarom heeft de Medische Commissie new wave het IOC, het Internationaal Olympisch Comite, iets anders bedacht om het gebruik tegen Te gaan. Er wordt een ‘gezondheidscontrole ‘ gedaan. Er wordt bij sporters voor de wedstrijd bloed afgenomen en daarvan bepaalt work forces het per centum rode bloedcellen. Bij een normaal persoon ligt het per centum rond de 42 % . Als heated per centum bij een sporter hoger is dan 50 % , mag hij om twee redenen niet starten. Ten eerste is heated gevaarlijk om met zo'n hoog per centum Te starten. Het risico new wave een hartaanval of beroerte is te groot. Ten tweede is heated zo ongewoon hoog, digital audiotape het zeer waarschijnlijk is dat de sporter EPO heeft gebruikt. Sommige sporters beweren dat ze new wave nature zo'n hoog per centum rode bloedcellen hebben en worden dus onterecht bestraft. In bovenstaande bron is te zien wat de samenstelling is van heated bloed new wave een normaal persoon. We zien dat het gemiddelde per centum rode bloedcellen ongeveer 43 % is. Als er na heated afnemen van heated bloed new wave een sporter blijkt digital audiotape het per centum rode bloedcellen hoger is dan 50 % , mag de sporter niet meer deelnemen aan de desbetreffende wedstrijd, en zal er een onderzoek worden gestart. Omdat ALSs het per centum rode bloedcellen boven de 50 % ligt dan is er een kans dat de sporter EPO heeft gebruikt, ook is heated gevaarlijk om Te starten. Een hoog per centum aan rode bloedcellen vergroot namelijk het risico op een hartaanval en een beroerte. Vele sporters protesteren hiertegen omdat een hoger per centum aan rode bloedcellen ook iets zijn wat bij Hun aangeboren is, maar ook door veel op hoogte Te trainen kan je je per centum rode bloedcellen verhogen. Dit maakt het beleid natuurlijk erg lastig. Vooral omdat het per centum rode bloedcellen ook dus op een andere manier kan stijgen. Een verboden middel ALSs EPO is dus niet verboden ALSs je er een beetje new wave gebruikt, terwijl een spoortje Anabole stero & A ; iuml ; den Al voor een schorsing zorgt. Dit zorgt natuurlijk voor veel discussie in de sportwereld. Om toch de gezondheid new wave sporters in de gaten te houden is de gezondheidscontrole ingevoerd. Zolang er nog geen manier is gevonden om EPO gebruik aan Te tonen, is dit de enige manier om het gebruik proberen Te beperken.Vervangers van EPOEr zijn ook andere manieren om dezelfde effecten van EPO Te krijgen zonder de nadelen die eraan vastzitten. Zoals voorgenoemde, heated leven en trainen op een hoogte.Door de lagere hoeveelheid zuurstof in de lucht, stimuleert het lichaam de aanmaak van excess rode bloedcellen. Echter niet zoveel ALSs EPO digital audiotape doet en het bloed wordt ook niet dikker. Daarnaast worden de longen en het Hart sterker door het trainen op hoogte, ze moeten op hoogte namelijk harder werken om genoeg zuurstof Te blijven geven aan het lichaam om inspanning blijven te verrichten.Verschillende soorten EPO– Eerste generatie Ontwikkeld in 1977, werd uit urine gehaald. – Eerste generatie Ontwikkeld in 1977, werd uit urine gehaald.Twee generatieDeze discrepancy werd vanaf 1987 gebruikt, hieraan overleden vijf Nederlandse wielrenners. Deze variant werd met behulp new wave genetische technieken geproduceerd. Door deze genetische technieken kon EPO in grote hoeveelheden geproduceerd worden.Derde generatieDeze generatie kwam in 2007 op de markt, Cera. Het is de afkorting new wave â€Å" uninterrupted erythropoiesis receptor activator † . En is een middel digital audiotape wordt gebruikt ALSs geneesmiddel bij bloedarmoede of ter voorkoming new wave bloedarmoede bij kankerpati & A ; euml ; nten tijdens de chemokuur Een voordel new wave dot middel is dat je het maar een ke er in de drie & A ; aacute ; vier weken hoeft Te gebruiken.Vierde generatieEr is een vierde generatie new wave EPO op komst, dot middel zou ontraceerbaar zijn. Het gaat hierbij om een vorm new wave gentherapie.In welke sporten wordt EPO het meest gebruikt?EPO wordt het meest gebruikt bij duursporten zoals wielrennen en marathonlopen. Voor sprinters heeft heated gebruiken new wave EPO geen nut omdat dice sowieso verzuren tijdens heated sporten. Dit gebeurt doordat zij in een zeer korte tijd zoveel inspanning leveren, de spieren hebben in & A ; eacute ; & A ; eacute ; n keer heel veel zuurstof nodig, hier kan het bloed ALSs het ware niet tegen transporteren. Het gebruik new wave EPO heeft dus weinig consequence voor sprinters omdat die Al onder anaerobe condities rennen. Sprinten is heel explosief, opeens hebben de spieren heel veel zuurstof nodig. Het bloed kan nooit zoveel zuurstof vervoeren. Ook niet met behulp new wave EPO.Voorbeelden new wave EPO gebruikersOok aan de manus new wa ve deze voorbeelden zien we dat EPO voornamelijk wordt gebruikt bij duursporten.ConclusieHet hoofddoel new wave dot onderzoek was onderzoeken wat het consequence new wave EPO is op je sportprestaties. Dit werd onderzocht met behulp van de volgende deelvragen.Wat is heated consequence new wave EPO op heated menselijk lichaamHoe EPO je sportprestaties be & amp ; iuml ; nvloed.Welke sporten EPO het meeste consequence heeft.Het antwoord op de eerste vraag, Wat is heated consequence new wave EPO op heated menselijk lichaam? EPO is een hormoon digital audiotape de productie van rode bloedcellen in de lever en nieren stimuleert. Het zorgt er dus voor de je lichaam meer zuursof kan opnemen. De tweede vraag was hoe be & amp ; iuml ; nvloed EPO je sportprestaties? Het is gegeven digital audiotapes een sporter dice EPO gebruikt, meer zuurstof kan vervoeren en zal dus minder snel verzuren dan een sporter dice geen EPO gebruikt. Het zorgt Er dus voor digital audiotape je het ALSs EPO gebruikende sporter langer vol kan houden dan de sporter dice geen EPO gebruikt. De laatste deelvraag was op welke sporten EPO het meeste consequence heeft. Het antwoord op deze vraag is bij duursporten, denk aan wielrennen en ski & A ; euml ; n, zoals in de voorbeelden ook Te zien is. Bij sprinters heeft het geen consequence omdat sprinten heel explosief is, de spieren hebben op korte tijd heel veel zuurstof nodig. Het bloed kan nooit zoveel zuurstof vervoeren. Ook niet met behulp new wave EPO. Het antwoord op de hoofdvraag, Wat is heated consequence new wave EPO op je sportprestaties? Hangt dus ook af new wave wat voor soort athletics je beoefend. Als je een sprinter set zal EPO geen consequence hebben op je sportprestaties. Maar ALSs je een wielrenner of een andere duursporter set zal EPO wel degelijk consequence hebben op je sportprestaties. Je spieren zullen door het gebruik new wave EPO minder snel verzuren en zo zal je langer in staat zijn optimale inspanning te leveren. Maar je moet jezelf natuurlijk afvragen of winnen met heated gebruik new wave doping je wel voldoening brengt.BronvermeldingWordlingo:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/nl/Erythropoietin # cite_note-Haroon_2003-1Kennislink:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.kennislink.nl/publicaties/dossier-epoRice:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.rice.edu/~jenky/sports/epo.htmlMedical Footings:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp? articlekey=7032hypertext tran sfer protocol: //www.medicinenet.com/erythropoietin/article.htmKennislink:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.kennislink.nl/publicaties/epo-doping-in-toomRTL:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.rtl.nl/ % 28/actueel/rtlnieuws/buitenland/ % 29/components/actueel/rtlnieuws/2007/ 05_mei/24/buitenland/0524_1330_wat_is_epo.xml

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

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Hurricane Floyd Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hurricane Floyd - Essay Example The Hurricane Floyd activated the third biggest evacuation in the United States record where 2.6 million seaside residents were moved from their homes as the hurricane approached (Haddow, Bullock, & Coppola, 2011). Hurricane Rita, among the Atlantic Hurricanes, came to be the fourth–most extreme to ever be registered. It was the most extreme tropical cyclone, in the Gulf of Mexico, ever seen. The coast of West Africa was its origin and moved westward though the Straits of Florida. Hurricane Floyd preparedness and response compared to Hurricane Rita Both Hurricane Floyd and Hurricane Rita were so devastating causing a lot of damage to property and death. The hurricane Floyd caused rainfall over North Carolina. This is a place that had just recently been hit by Hurricane Dennis. This rain led to massive flooding in the area and the rivers were registered to have exceeded the 500-year flood levels. Hurricane Floyd caused the death of 57 people and the damage recorded was estimate d at $4.5 billion which is an equivalent cost of $6.31 billion in 2013 (Haddow, Bullock, & Coppola, 2011). Hurricane Rita overwhelmed low-lying areas near the shore in Louisiana causing effects of Hurricane Katrina that had just happened a month ago to worsen. Lake Charles was hit by massive flooding. In Texas, the massive damage was due to the hurricane winds. The hurricane led to nine counties in Texas to be declared as disaster areas. There were interrupted electric services in the states of Louisiana and Texas for weeks after the hurricane. The damage caused by hurricane Rita along its path was calculated and given to be about $12 billion dollars which is $15.2 billion dollars in 2013. In the four states of United States directly affected by Rita, there was a fatality of 120 people (Haddow, Bullock, & Coppola, 2011). When Hurricane Floyd was predicted, the United States started to enact some measures in preparation of the Hurricane. In the official forecasts of the storm though, there was no prediction of the hurricanes movement northwards and that it would weaken before landfall. There was high hurricane alert on the East coast from Florida to Massachusetts although it turned out that only a part of this region experienced the hurricane winds. In planning for a possibly disastrous landfall, there was evacuation of one million and above residents of Florida. Two hundred and seventy two of those evacuated were from Miami-Dade County. There was a declaration of emergency by the president of United States, Clinton, in both Georgia and Florida in expectation of the Hurricane. There was more evacuation when the storm started heading north. Not all areas evacuated were hit by the storm, but this showed a lot of preparedness in the United States during Floyd (Haddow, Bullock, & Coppola, 2011). Several things were done way better in preparing for Hurricane Floyd than in hurricane Rita. The first problem arose because the prediction of the hurricane Rita was not do ne early enough like that of hurricane Floyd. This was to prove to be a huge error because it provided for a very short time for a large number of people to be evacuated. Hurricane Rita is known to have sparked the largest evacuation in the history of the United States estimated at 2.5 – 3.7 million people. Hence the time that was needed to evacuate this large number of p

Koalin Loess(Glacier&Periglacial landscapes) Essay

Koalin Loess(Glacier&Periglacial landscapes) - Essay Example a terrain: A terrane is a crustal block or fragment that preserves a distinctive geologic history that is different from the surrounding areas and that is usually bounded by faults. Accreted terranes are those that become attached to a continent as a result of tectonic processes. In more elaborate words, it is a large geographical feature, often a mountain range, that geomorphologists believe was once a group of islands that sat on one tectonic plate that was being subducted under a continental plate. When the part of the plate on which the islands rode began to be subducted, the islands jammed up the subduction zone and the plate behind it broke. As a result, the islands became attached to the side of the continent. As this happened again and again, the island arc became an inland mountain range. The Himalayas ,according to the modern theory of plate tectonics, was formed as a result of a continental collision or orogeny along the convergent boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. This is referred to as a fold mountain. The collision began in the Upper Cretaceous period about 70 million years ago, when the north-moving Indo-Australian Plate, moving at about 15 cm per year, collided with the Eurasian Plate. About 50 million years ago, this fast moving Indo-Australian plate had completely closed the Tethys Ocean, the existence of which has been determined by sedimentary rocks settled on the ocean floor and the volcanoes that fringed its edges. Since these sediments were light, they crumpled into mountain ranges rather than sinking to the floor. The Indo-Australian plate continues to be driven horizontally below the Tibetan plateau, which forces the plateau to move upwards. The Indo-Australian plate is still moving at 67 mm per year, and over the next 10 million years it will travel about 1,500 km into Asia. About 20 mm per year of the India-Asia convergence is absorbed by thrusting along the Himalaya southern front. This leads to the

On the road Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

On the road - Research Paper Example Perhaps the most obvious theme running through â€Å"On the Road,† is one of religion. When Sargeant first arrives in town he is turned away by the good Reverend Mr. Dorset. He feels the chill of racism and seeks sanctuary in a white man's church. This same church he breaks into just as police beat him on the head and he begins to hallucinate. Sargeant's hallucinations are telling. He saw Christ only in a glimpse through a soft, round window. Yet Christ becomes a central figure in his delusions. Not a traditional Christ, but a Christ burdened by the pain of religion. This is a metaphor that draws obviously on Hughes's own experiences with religion as an organization. Experiences that all but traumatized him as a child. In his autobiography, The Big Sea, Hughes relates his â€Å"salvation† at the age of twelve. Attending church with his aunt/guardian, he was placed in a situation of overwhelming social pressure to accept Jesus. He did this, though he did not feel any con verting power. Afterwards, he wrote, That night, for the last time in my life but one-for I was a big boy twelve years old-I cried. I cried, in bed alone, and couldn't stop. I buried my head under the quilts, but my aunt heard me. She woke up and told my uncle I was crying because the Holy Ghost had come ino my life, and because I had seen Jesus. But I was really crying because I couldn't bear to tell her that I had lied. That I had deceived everybody in the church, that I hadn't seen Jesus, and that now I didn't believe there was a Jesus any more, since he didn't come to help me (Hughes, 21). This childhood trauma affects Hughes's story profoundly. He not only depicts Sargeant's interactions with religion in a cold, white, and distant way, but he also humanizes Christ's dismay at being held captive by the church. As if Christ may have been a wise prophet but not on interested in deriving a cult of personality from his name. A negative perception that only softened in Sargeant's min d when he was able to find refuge among the grayness of the hobo jungle. For Sargeant, who had been traumatized by the stony whiteness of the town, by white preachers, white churchgoers, and white cops, his escape to the outskirts, to that world where his color was less important than his employment status, offered mental refuge from the racial trauma of his youth. In the hobo, too, Hughes raises another theme, one of movement. According to Kenneth Allsop, a hobo â€Å"was homeless and unmarried. He freeloaded on the freight trains whose tracks he laid and whose tunnels he blasted. He lived in bunk houses or tents or jungle camps or city flophouses. He was a marginal, alienated man, capriciously used and discarded by a callous but dynamic system, yet he was proud of the mode he devised out of an imperative mobility. He was a unique and indigenous American product† (Allsop, Prefatory Note). The hobo was always on the move. â€Å"In one of his aspects he was the Ancient Marine r of this oceanic land, the albatross of failure hung about his neck† (Allsop, Prefatory Note). Hughes grabs hold of this theme, and references Biblical fables, when he walks Sargeant and Christ from the white town to the gray hobo jungle. Movement is not the only theme, either, that Hughes drew from the Great Depression setting of